Friday, December 27, 2019

Women s Rights Of Aboriginal Women - 1204 Words

However an Indian status man could marry whomever he chose, and maintain all his rights. Through this legislation Aboriginal women were devalued with the intended result of undermining their status, preventing them from passing on status to their own children and effectively making them property of their husbands and fathers (cite) The government’s introduction of reserve land, in regards to status and non-status Indians and who could reside there drastically affected Aboriginal women with disastrous results. A direct result of colonial policy was the forcible displacement of Aboriginal women off reserve land. By altering the traditional matrilineal descent, kinship systems, and post marital residency patterns, which had been practiced and in place for generations Aboriginal women lost the rights to live on territory which they had strong ties to, and became displaced. (cite) Section 12 (1) (b) is arguably the most gender discriminating proposition in The Indian Act, and dealt with involuntary enfranchisement. In 1951, this was amended with even greater severity and heightened oppression for Aboriginal women. Known as the, ‘double mother’ clause this stated that Indian children would lose status if their mother or grandmother acquired status through marriage, even if their father or grandfather was a status Indian (cite). It left many Aboriginal women with little or no resources, in an unfamiliar territory, with no family or cultural ties creating an extraordinaryShow MoreRelatedAboriginal Women are Oppressed in Society Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have been the victims of oppression in society. In specific, Aboriginal women have suffered through racism, sexism, domestic violence, and over-representation. 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Notably, after the Europeans colonized the land, the woman’s role in the Aboriginal societies drastically changed. Originally, women played a large role in the political zone, as well as essential roles in their societies. Essentially, women in Aboriginal societies, were once considered to be i ntegral parts to their society, and through the many attempts of assimilation from the Europeans, the women now have an insignificant role inRead MoreFactors That Promote The Vulnerability1067 Words   |  5 PagesFactors that Promote the Vulnerability to Violence in Canada’s Aboriginal Women i. Political Factors The first political factor that serves to embody one of the root causes for violence against Aboriginal women in Canada is the legislative gap, or its lack thereof. According to Harper (2006), both federal and provincial law essentially fails to address the equal division of matrimonial property on reserves. In contrast, as Harper (2006) continues to suggest, al other Canadian citizens are protectedRead MoreCanada’s Shame: The Oppression of Aboriginal Women in the Indian Act1601 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch paper is oppression against women in the Indian Act. Discrimination against Aboriginal people has been a key issue for many years; however society generally skims the surface of this act and tends to give lip service to it without acknowledging the deeper issue of how these oppressions come with it. In the beginning of our research we quickly made a parallel between the oppression of Aboriginal women and the injustices they face and the breakdown in Aboriginal families a nd communities. As futureRead MoreThe impacts of the Stolen Generation on Australian Life Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stolen Generation has had a great effect on Aboriginal rights and freedoms as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders didn’t even have the rights to raise and look after their children and as a result 100,000 Aboriginal Australian’s were displaced and placed into white families. The lack of understanding and respect for Aboriginal culture also meant that many people who supported the removal of these children really thought they were doing â€Å"the right thing†. The impact on Australian life today isRead MoreFicial Version Of The Law Is Not A True Reflection Of Its Meaning1600 Words   |  7 Pagesversion of the law is the basis on which the law prides itself to be. It claims to be neutral, having no prejudice against race, sex, gender, or any other distinguishing characteristics. The law compares itself to a blindfolded woman as histori cally women who have been seen as virgins who are pure, uninfluenced, and have no biases. The official version of the law is bound by one rule and that is everyone is subjected to the law and will be treated equally under it. Stare Decisis, a well known termRead MoreWomen Of The Aboriginal Canadian Women1513 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of infected people. Women are more prone to the disease than men, let alone the Aboriginal Canadian women. There’s a dramatic increase in HIV and AIDS rates among Aboriginal people in Canada. Although HIV indeterminately affects all individuals no matter age, gender, or race. In Canada women and even more specifically Aboriginal women, are more vulnerable in contracting HIV. Definition Of The Problem â€Å"Aids is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body s cellular immunity, greatlyRead MoreSilent Crying And Tears : Never Given A Thought1213 Words   |  5 Pagesjail for a long time if I had reported him. But I think it s too late. There is no proof other than the little bit of pain left in my heart from the years I wasted with a monster, caged in an abusive relationship.† (Jeanne) Jeanne wasted her five years of broken-winged life with a monster. She doesn’t remember the first time he hurt her. All she shares is cries and screams of pain. Every day, we see images or hear about violence against women in the news, on TV shows, in the movies and in our homesRead MoreA Free And Democratic Society782 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups has been a pressing and contentious issue within the country. Not long ago, women were not able to vote, and blacks were not able to go to school with whites. Since these were deemed to be grossly unfair bereavements of fundament al rights to these individuals, legislative changes were made to ensure that these groups are treated the same as all other citizens. By 1940, all provinces in Canada allowed women to vote, and by 1965, the last segregated Black school in Ontario was closed. It can

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Therapy Nursing ( Etn ) - 1362 Words

Enterostomal Therapy Nursing (ETN) has changed a lot in the last 50 years and continues to evolve today. The first ET Nurses were individuals who had undergone bowel surgery and their own experiences motivated them to help others learn to care for their ostomy (LeBlanc, Christensen, and McNaughton, 2005). In 1976, the entry to practice was limited to Licenced Practical Nurses and Registered Nurses. In 2005, entrance to the program became baccalaureate degree or higher (leBlanc, 2005). Wound care is currently a function of the Registered Nurse (CRNBC, 2015) and the ET Nurse assesses wounds and ostomies, consults with physicians to co-ordinate specialty care and educates other nurses to better care for their patients. The education level of the ET Nurse may change to become a Masters Prepared Nurse (Doughty, 2013) or the ET Nurse may function in the role of a Nurse Practitioner. Our population is aging and living longer. More than 4.7 million Canadians are 65 or older and developing chronic conditions and diseases and, along with aging, poor lifestyle choices are leading to increases in chronic diseases such as arthritis and diabetes (National Expert Commission, 2012). There will be increased focus on chronic disease management and health promotion with the goal of improving the individual’s quality of life and allowing them to stay in their own homes longer. This change will reduce healthcare costs by decreasing the need for institutional care (CNA update 2012) but

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The Effects of Bad Dieting free essay sample

Bad dieting is very harmful to one’s body which may acquire horrifying side effects. After really dedicating themselves for a while, people seem to be satisfied with their diets and losing weight, that is until they start getting lazy and find it hard to continue their diets, which lead them into falling for junk food or eating out or even worse, bad dieting. Bad dieting is very common since people give up on working hard maintaining their weight loss. According to the average American dieting and weight statistics, the average woman in America is 5’4’’ in height and generally weighs around 140 pounds. On the contrary the average model in America is 5’11’’ in height and weight around 117 pounds. Most fashion models remain thinner than 98% of American women. Four out of five American women say they are dissatisfied with the way they look. On any given day, almost half of the women in the United States are on some type of diet. Children as little as being in third grade say they would like to be thinner. Four out of five ten year olds are afraid of being fat. Almost half of American children between first and third grades say they want to be thinner. On any given day one in four men are on a diet. Half of eight, nine and ten year olds say that being on a diet makes them feel better about themselves. More than one out of three normal dieters progress to compulsive dieting. This typically leads to people who suffer from partial or full syndrome disorders. Americans spend an immense amount of money on dieting every year. This may range from a little over forty billion dollars a year, but can vary depending on the type of person. Between five and ten million women and girls in the US struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions. One million men and boys struggle with eating disorders and borderline conditions. The number of people with eating disorders is triple the number of people with AIDS (approximately 664,921 people are living with AIDS). Eating disorders affect at least three times as many people as schizophrenia does (2. 2 million people are living with schizophrenia). (http://www. nch-aweigh. com/dietstats. htm). When one is asked why they want to lose weight, the answers we hear must be pretty obvious. Some people on the other hand are still unsure why they want to lose the weight. Most people might come up with answers like â€Å"I don’t really know† or â€Å"I hate the way I look† and â€Å"my clothes don’t fit right†. A main reason is that mo st Americans want to stay healthy to live a long and healthy life. A person might also feel helpless while watching fit people showing off their movie star looks and having weight loss headlines on magazines and on the news. A problem with having a little motivation is that once one meets their weight goal, it is hard to maintain the weight. Once you lose some weight people start to notice and then come the compliments, which are very nice to hear. Everywhere you go, you might run into people you know, or get stared at with looks of jealousy. Your friends will talk about you and make up weird lies that you must have gotten some kind of surgery or depended on purging and saying other mean things out of jealousy. Sooner or later people will stop talking about you and your life will resume to how it was before. This is where people tend to rely on dieting the bad way. They decide that the hard work is getting annoying and tend to find the easy way out to maintain the same results. This is where losing weight the wrong, but easy way comes in. After do ing rough work outs and eating right, there comes that point where you want to cut the effort and receive easier results, so losing weight in a hurry and using quicker methods start sounding like a good idea. If you take a look at celebrities Lindsay Lohan and Nicole Richie you can see that they lost weight dramatically. Towards the end they looked as if they needed to swallow an enormous amount of food. It is important to know how not to lose weight, in order to know how much you can harm your body without recognizing it. Teenagers that skip meals feel decent about themselves and consider that in the long run it will be worth the starvation. They don’t realize that by giving up food and losing a pound or two a week can cause health problems. As most of us already know, our body needs a certain amount of calories a day in order for our bodies to function the right way. The number of calorie intake can vary from male to female. If we skip a meal we might be starving when it comes down to our next meal. By then we might overeat since we cannot stop thinking about all the rumbling noises our stomach is making. It is also then harder to focus on school work and to have sufficient energy while working. By limiting your calories, you will be restricting yourself of certain classes of foods. These techniques might make you shed a little bit of weight, but most of it will be water and muscle mass, not fat. What you need to loose is fat, not water weight. This quick weight loss can cause severe problems such as bad breath, diarrhea, and nausea and hair loss. Another bad addition to bad dieting are dietary supplements and forced vomiting. These pills and powders claim to melt your pounds away, but what they are actually doing is increasing your heart rate. Most of them contain laxatives, which contain some herbs that may speed up the heart rate and the nervous system to dangerous levels. Teens think that forced vomiting will remove the weight for good as long as they keep the vomiting consistent, but what it is really doing is causing dehydration and the swelling in the salivary glands. The stomach acid will also damage your esophagus, which is the tube from the mouth to the stomach. This can also cause tooth decay. The forced vomiting is one of the first few signs that lead to bulimia (http://www. kidzworld. com/article/5399-losing-weight-the-wrong-way). These are all bad ideas and once once informed, it is easier to take positive actions to losing weight. Who wants to hurt their bodies anyway? We have one body and should know how to take caution of it the correct way. Physicians and other doctors can prove that all these negative consequences are accurate. Eating healthier and avoiding activities that will harm our bodies is the best alternative to wanting to shed pounds the fast and incorrect way. Eating smaller portions, while eating regularly will help weight loss. Trying new and fun activities can also maximize the amount of weight being lost. We have one body, one life, and it’s time to make sure that if we want to lose weight, we are going to do it the correct way!

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Survival Of The Sickest Essay Example

Survival Of The Sickest Essay For this assignment, several questions will require answers to be a paragraph or n,vow. A typical paragraph consists of 45 sentences. If you do quality work you will probably w rite MORE than two paragraphs for a number of your responses. 5. Be sure to use the spell check function before submitting your assignment. Have someone else proofread your answers to make sure they make sense. 5. Another key skill you will need is to SE evidence to support what you claim. In science, your opinion holds very little weight, you must provide evidence to support whatever ere claim you make in response to a question. This does not mean copy something from the book wormwood. Whenever you cite specific evidence or facts from the book that you did not already know w, I want you to reference the page number from where you pulled that information in parentheses. EVE RYE answer will require you to make at least one or two citations. For example, might make the follow ins claim from the book, thus will reference the page number as follows: In the 1 sass people with humidifications were more likely to survive and r produce because of their remonstrated macrophages. This means people with the mutation for hem chromatics were more likely to pass on the defective gene to their children. So generation after generation, more and more people had the gene for humidifications and possibly explains why the plague died out by 1350. (p. 5) Notice did not copy this information wormwood, but paraphrased it and p t it into my own words. You have been assigned Chapter 1 of the book Survival of the Sickest. Type your answers under each Of the questions asked below: Chapter 1 Ironing it Out Read pages 122 1 . Define homeomorphisms and explain what conditions it can lead to. homeomorphisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Of The Sickest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Of The Sickest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Survival Of The Sickest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Anti Gun Control Essays - Gun Politics In The United States

Anti Gun Control Should the mere fact that criminals committing crimes with the use of guns infringe the national right of the innocent to possess guns. This is a question that arouses everywhere and no matter which way it is viewed the controversy will always go on. "A gun is a mere tool that can be used for good or evil. Our country is based on the belief that man is good until he or she is proven to be otherwise."(Harris p.2) This means that only a few people are committing crimes with uses of guns and why completely remove them from society. Therefore, we should strenuously protect the rights of free men and likewise prosecute and punish the criminals who abuse the rights of others. The problem with gun violence is associated with the child's atmosphere. Moreover, we need to educate young children about responsibly handling guns and educate them to respect life and the life's of others. The movement of gun control exploits every celebrated act violence and offsetting the hundreds of thousands of cases in which guns are used as defensive weapons to save live and property of the innocent. Moreover, guns do more good that bad. This issue completely contradicts the Second Amendment which states: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the rights of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." Statistics show that there are, by far, more people defending themselves with gun use than there are people committing crimes with the use of guns. Per 100,000 people only 10.22 of them have committed a crimes where a gun was involved. (Lott 12) in the United States there are 80,000 to 82,000 defensive uses of guns during assaults, robberies and household burglaries. Out of the 1,000,000 times guns are used for defensive reasons in the world 400,000 of theses cases have saved lives or prevented lives from being taken. (Lott 2) The use of guns by law-abiding citizens may create a positive externality for others. Therefore, when a person is going to commit a unlawful act on someone they might be reluctant because they have no way of telling if they are carrying a weapon or not. Our country is very restrictive when granting the public to own or carry guns. Therefore, our government came up with the "Shall Issue" law, which prevents anyone to own, or posses guns that have a record of cri minal injustices or a record of mental illness. People learn responsibility when they are young children and what they learn reflects what they do and how they act later on in life. Children that grow up in a good atmosphere tend to have a better understanding of life and respect the life's of others. Children would also have a better mean of recreation, for example hunting, and for a means of protection from criminal acts. On the other hand, the ones who grow up in difficult homes that have unaffectionate parents tend to turn to crime as a way out or they are just doing what they think is right. So, we need to educate young children about the dangers of guns if they are not respected. Most Americans who believe that more guns mean more crime are afraid of people carrying handguns in public places and believe that people doing so would cause minor grievances to escalate into a gunfight. This is why the issue on gun control was ever brought up, from scared and frightened people. But, in reality handguns in the hands of law-abiding citizens deter violent crimes while producing no significant rise in gun-related crimes; moreover, it has made them decrease considerably. So why wipe them completely out of society, it will do more bad than good if this happens. The Second Amendment says, "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." This means that no man shall ever be infringed of owning a gun of some sort. The issue on gun control completely contradicts this Amendment. The Amendments have been set and not altered for hundreds of years. So why

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Sustainable Tourism And The Envirnment Tourism Essays

Sustainable Tourism And The Envirnment Tourism Essays Sustainable Tourism And The Envirnment Tourism Essay Sustainable Tourism And The Envirnment Tourism Essay This essay will analyse the beliing factors of economical benefits against long term viability during the procedure of constructing a sustainable touristry. Both factors are traveling against each other s aims, is sustainable touristry possible in such state of affairs? Similarly to the constructs of supply and demand, both factors coexist in touristry industry and are here to remain. Each factor s point of position will be taken into history to make a just judgement every bit much as possible. The environment is ever-changing, peculiarly towards a negative way. Imagine Great Barrier Reef with over 70 % deceasing coral reefs, Amazon rain forest reduced to merely a size of a park, rural small town cultural dances affecting dangerous stunts or comedy Acts of the Apostless? The Earth s natural resources are consuming, including the lessening in rain forests and Great Barrier Reef, the extinction of works and animate being species, alterations in wildlife s migratory forms, the version of rural small town civilizations to tourers wants. Are at that place ways to restrict these alterations? Is sustainable touristry the reply to halt the above from going a world? Bing sustainable is to conserve resources by forestalling harm and depletion. Sustainable touristry includes keeping an economical benefit for long term viability. All industries today including touristry foul our environment ; physical ( e.g. degrading and gnawing sand dunes ) , ecological ( e.g. deceasing coral reefs ) and social-cultural ( e.g. villagers selling commercialized and modern designed keepsakes ) . Tourism operators can promote advantageous programs that benefit everyone ( local communities, tourers and touristry operators themselves ) by harmonising societal and environmental basicss ( Tip, 2009 ) . As Natalie ( 2011 ) posted, Increased investing in sustainable touristry can hike the sector s part to economic growing, development and peculiarly occupation creative activity, while at the same clip turn toing major environmental challenges, harmonizing to the merely released United Nations Green Economy Report. While it is true that on the surface, occupations so are created, but they are seasonal, on parttime footing and low waged which are normally targeted at unskilled workers. 2.1| WANTS AND NEEDS Sustainable touristry s purpose is to strike a balance between preservation and economical survivability, besides includes preservation of all above environments and the negative impacts caused by touristry must be really good managed including attempts from everyone in the touristry industry ( adjustment, transit, nutrient and services etc ) in order to win and profit the following coevals. Tourism is found about everyplace today, popular finishs become progressively more popular and even invading the rural countries ( Weaver, 2006 ) . Do tourers today wish to see what they expect from the Earth, or do tourers wish to see what the Earth has to offer? Sometimes it s all about one s mentality, wants versus demands. Sustainable touristry is non automatic ; it will be with combined attempts from everyone. 3| Start FROM WITHIN The values of each individual influence the behaviour and future actions. Instilling the values of sustainable touristry is the first and tough measure to take. By educating the people the demands to conserve by understanding and esteeming the manner of life of the rural small towns, their civilization, traditions and natural home ground, merely so they can break appreciate the value behind it. But to many concern operators, sustainable touristry by and large spells loss of net incomes or to an utmost point, loss of concern chance. They may be right in such thought, but paired with the support from Government and its statute laws, sustainable touristry has more room to execute. Businesss within local public can work together hand in glove to invent/innovate a niche market merchandise in relation to sustainable touristry ( Tip, 2009 ) . However, it might be much trickier in less developed states than more developed states where the former may depend mostly on touristry as their beginning of income ( e.g. Maldives vs. Italy ) . The Government concerned may non readily give up its steady beginning of chief income. Hence they must understand from a bigger image that they are in fact consuming the really plus that they are deriving from. In order to protect and conserve that plus, precautional steps must be in topographic point. For the more developed states which are more likely to hold to sustainable touristry, high degree of tourer satisfaction and fruitful experiences must be ensured ( Weaver, 2006 ) , so it does nt impact the finish s popularity. 3.1| Net incomes OVER LONG TERM VIABILTY In today s capitalist economic system, money makes the universe go unit of ammunition ; without net income, there will non be any concern. Business proprietors are overwhelmed by the short term pecuniary additions and neglect the demand to prolong the really merchandise they are gaining from ; the Earth s resources. Supply and demand plays a immense function in touristry, with the providers ( local concern proprietors, touristry bureaus ) normally suiting to the demands of tourers or else there will be no concern. But, does being sustainable mean a loss in net incomes? 3.2| Short TERM PROFIT For illustration many local circuit bureaus provide find plunging experience circuit at Pattaya, Thailand due to the clear H2O visibleness, their thriving Marine life and scenery which attracted many visitants. Local concern operators saw the chance and emerged in Numberss, each contending for a piece of the thriving and profitable market. Old ages after, the visibleness has decreased due to the immense sum H2O athletics activities set up in that country including jet ski, paragliding and banana boat with frequent H2O accidents chiefly affecting jet skis ; all contribute an impact in common, noise pollution to the H2O which in bend affects the marine life activities. With the current volume of H2O athletics activities, its no admiration the ecological environment had turned to the worse ; degrading H2O quality, lesser fishes appear in the locality. In add-on, the beaches are really crowded, frequently littered with rubbish like beer bottles and soft drink tins, sights like this can greatly impact tourers experiences. 3.1| ADDING VALUE It appears that the sum of visitants is more than what the Pattaya beach can manage, i.e. the transporting capacity is exceeded. This is the clip where Government and ordinances must step in to control the limitless activities happening in Pattaya Waterss to halt destroying and get down protecting the really plus that the Thais are deriving from. By restricting the H2O activities does average loss of concern. But would nt it be worst off if Pattaya had lost its chief attractive force value that tourists seek? Alternatively, concern operators can introduce H2O activities for tourers that non merely do non damage but adds value towards sustainable touristry by educating the tourers the importance and needs to protect the environment, for illustration releasing of fishes into the H2O, planting of aquatic workss, eating of sea animate beings etc. 3.2| TOURISM IMPACTS Tourist activities can impact both negatively and positively, therefore circuit operators must work together, program and pull off their activities to lend towards sustainability. It can be promoting the usage of environmental friendly transit agencies like bike, supplying environmental friendly merchandises Figure 1, 3 phases of planetary touristry diffusion. 3| Departure GREEN Over the recent old ages, traveling green is far more recognized now even though the thought had started since the 1980s. Why it took over 30 good old ages for everyone to recognize the significance? Everyone knows the 3Rs ( Reduce, Reuse, Recycle ) run but it does nt look to work in the yesteryear and it had a soundless decease. With the execution of the successful Earth Hour and recycle bins seen re-emerging now, are these truly sufficient? Are they bring forthing adequate accent Is the rate of use higher than what Earth can renew? The above mentioned are merely a few of the really huge tourer attractive forces assorted tourers love but they will be gone everlastingly if proper attention and direction are non implemented to protect their very being. Short term pecuniary additions have blinded touristry operators with greed hence pretermiting the idea of protecting it to guarantee a long term and feasible concern chance. Greed has led them delving our ain Gravess. Is sustainable touristry a solution? Is it effectual and looked upon positively by touristry operators? Instilling the value of sustainable touristry into everyone s head is a must hypertext transfer protocol: //murdoch.summon.serialssolutions.com/search/results? A ; s.q=sustainable+tourism A ; s.ps=50 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fathom.com/course/21701788/session3.html

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Nestle Corporate Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nestle Corporate Strategy - Case Study Example (Porter, 1985:15) Nestle's growth strategy is what porter called as focused differentiation variant. Nestle's strategic business units concentrate on market entry in emerging markets to achieve sustainable growth. They analyze potential host countries; anticipate the shift in the competitive forces and exploits change by creating appropriate strategies. In this way, the company establishes itself and defends its position by capitalizing on its strengths and capabilities. The product based SBUs The regional organization of Nestle, on the other hand, aims to penetrate the market and establish its presence by promoting several products. They achieve this by maintaining manufacturing facilities in the host country as well as importing other goods produced from another country. Differentiation provides Nestle insulation against competition through brand loyalty by customers. Through this local strategy, the company earns remarkable returns on capital employed and creates a defensible market position. A strong coordination between the R&D, product development and marketing departments helps local Nestle firms achieve sustainable profitability and increase market share. Hill mentions in his book that brand management is one of the most important aspects of companies doing international business. Product recognition while entering a new market is considered to be one of the most important strategic strengths of a company. Many researchers have tried to extrapolate this view resulting in the one-brand one-world school of marketing. According to this view the best strategy for a company is to go in to a new product segment or market with an already established brand name. This is considered to be one of the most fundamental principles of international brand management. However, the success of Nestle and its branding strategy are a contrast to this popular belief. Nestle prefers its brands to be local and people regional, with only the technology being a common global factor. The company has pored billions of dollars into local acquisitions like Ralston Purina pet products in US. Nestle complete portfolio consists of a staggering 8,500 brands that are organized by geographical status and role. Together these brands create a hierarchy of brands in which each product is associated with at least two bands at different levels in the hierarchy (Kapfere, 2008:413). The geographical criterion allowed three groups of brands to be distinguished - international, regional and local brands. These brands fulfill different functions and roles depending on the customers and represent the principal families of brand architecture (Mhlbacher, Leihs and Dahringer, 2006:482). Nestl's brand strategy is organized into two categories: The corporate brand - Nestle has formulated a basket of corporate brands under the umbrella of Nestle itself and others often acquired like Blackwell, Friskies and Buitono. The corporate brands are there to give the image of a company that is a reliable specialist in some area. The product ranges like Nescafe and individual product brands like Kitkat and Crunch (Mazur and Hogg, 1998, 133-134) To control the branding of the products, Nestle maintains a tight control from the centre on the policy towards the strategic